Apertura comercial y desindustrialización: Un análisis de panel para América del Sur.

Abstract

Deindustrialization is considered as the sustained reduction of industrial activity and as a result can lead to a contraction of labor demand in this sector. However, it is essential to emphasize that deindustrialization, depending on the level of economic development that an economy has reached, can be positive or negative. In developed countries deindustrialization is not a negative phenomenon, but is a natural consequence of higher growth and therefore an increase in industrial productivity, thereby displacing the work released to the service sector. In the case of Latin America, specifically in the South, this phenomenon is premature and can cause serious repercussions in the economic systems, for this reason, this research focused its interest in analyzing through a data panel the contribution of commercial openness - among others causes - in deindustrialization. On the other hand, the obtained models were applied the multiplier tests of LaGrange, Hausman, F, Wooldridge, Wald, Breusch - Pagan LM, in order to obtain reliable results. Subsequently, the empirical evidence allowed accepting the hypothesis raised about the influence of trade liberalization on the deindustrialization of the countries of South America, this variable being statistically significant in the proposed regressions, concluding that, in view of increases in trade liberalization , employment in the industrial sector decreases.