The Institutionalization establishment process of the trade agreement between Ecuador and the European Union and its effect on societal units. Case study: Ecuadorian dairy sector
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
The international organizations are the spaces that decentralize the international system, also provide order, improve communication channels, and reduce the possibility of conflict between States. This work focuses on commercial institutions, specifically in the free trade agreements, and the way in which they generate changes both internationally and domestically in the economic policies of States. The objective of this study is to determine the effects that the multiparty trade agreement signed by Ecuador and the European Union has generated on a sensitive productive sector in Ecuador such as the dairy industry. In this way, the institutionalization process of the commercial agreement was studied by means of documentation. Considering in a special way the strategies proposed for the implementation of the agreement by the Ecuadorian government and the participation of the representatives of small industries in the negotiation roundtables. Furthermore, a quantitative analysis was carried out to analyse the number of imports in the periods before and after the trade agreement. In this way, by means of a triangulation between the theory, the case study, and the empirical results, it was possible to demonstrate that civil society and business groups exert a high level of influence on government decisions. In turn, it is concluded that the effects generated by the agreement on small dairy producers materialize in the reduction of the price of their products, which has resulted in the abandonment of the activity.
Downloads
Article Details
COPYRIGHT NOTICE
Authors who publish in the INNOVA Research Journal keeps copyright and guarantee the journal the right to be the first publication of the work under the Creative Commons License, Attribution-Non-Commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC 4.0). They can be copied, used, disseminated, transmitted and publicly exhibited, provided that: a) the authorship and original source of their publication (magazine, publisher, URL and DOI of the work) is cited; b) are not used for commercial purposes; c) the existence and specifications of this license of use are mentioned.
References
Acción Ecológica. (2015). Lo que Ecuador negoció con Europa. Quito: Acción Ecológica.
Andrade, A & Meza, A. (2017). Acuerdo comercial entre Ecuador y la Unión Europea: El caso del sector bananero ecuatoriano. Revista Espacios, 58 (1) 1-15.
Alvear & Jaramillo. (2017). Negociaciones CAN-UE: la integración se cayó del barco. Revista La Tendencia 09, 25-50.
Baldwin, D. (2016). Power and International Relations: A Conceptual Approach. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.
Banco Central del Ecuador. (2019). Información Estadística Mensual. https://contenido.bce.fin.ec/docs.php?path=/documentos/PublicacionesNotas/Catalogo/IEMensual/Indices/m1998082018.htm
Barnett, Michael, y Kathryn Sikkink. (2010) “From International Relations to Global Society”. En The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, de Reus-Smit Christian y Duncan Snidal, 62-83. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Cheon, D. (2010). Methods for Ex Post Economic Evaluation of Free Trade Agreements. ADB Working Paper Series on Regional Economic Integration N. 059.
Chicaiza. (2019). El conflicto lechero en Ecuador con el TLC-UE. Quito: Agencia Ecologista.
Dunne, T. (2010). “Liberalism”. En The Oxford Handbook of International Relations, de Reus-Smit Christian y Duncan Snidal, 62-83. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Falconí & Oleas. (2012). Implicaciones del posible Acuerdo Multipartes con la Unión Europea. Quito: FLACSO
Jácome. (2014). El retorno de las carabelas: Acuerdo Comercial Multipartes entre Ecuador y la Unión Europea. Quito: FLACSO.
Keohane, R. (2013). Institucionalismo neoliberal. Una perspectiva de la política internacional. Buenos Aires: Grupo editorial latinoamericano.
Keohane, R., & Goldstein, J. (1993). Ideas and Foreign Policy: Beliefs, Institutions, and Political Change. Cornell University Press: New York.
Mearsheimer, John J. (1994). "The False Promise of International Institutions”. International Security, 5-49.
Ministerio de Agricultura. (2020). Boletín Nacional Comercio Exterior. http://sipa.agricultura.gob.ec/index.php/boletin-nacional-comercio-exterior/2019
Ministerio de Comercio. (2017). Memorias de las Negociaciones del Acuerdo Comercial Multipartes entre Ecuador y la Unión Europea. Quito.
North, D. (1990). Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Reus-Smit, Christian, y Duncan Snidal. The Oxford Handbook of International Relations. Oxford: The Oxford University Press, 2010.
Surugiu, M., & Surugiu, C. (2015). International Trade, Globalization and Economic Interdependence between European Countries: Implications for Businesses and Marketing Framework. Procedia Economics and Finance. 32, 131-138.
Tussie, D. (2015). Relaciones Internacionales y Economía Política Internacional: notas para el debate. Relaciones Internacionales, 24(48), 155-175
Villagómez. (2017). Acuerdo comercial multipartes Ecuador - Unión Europea. Quito: AFESE
Wohlforth, WIlliam. (2010). “Realism” En The Oxford handbook of international relations, de Christian Reus-Smit y Duncan Snidal, 131-149. Oxford: Oxford University Press