Factores asociados al éxito en el otorgamiento de las patentes y el impacto comercial en universidades reconocidas como innovadoras a nivel global
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Uno de los aspectos relevantes al trabajar datos de innovación son sus múltiples definiciones, sin embargo, la OCDE en el Manual de Oslo estableció que una innovación sí y sólo sí era una innovación cuando esta pasaba por una validación de mercado. El propósito de este trabajo fue encontrar los determinantes que expliquen la innovación de algunas de las principales universidades del mundo, medida a través del licenciamiento de las patentes. Se realizó un modelo de regresión lineal múltiple que tuvo en cuenta las variables internas que afectan a las universidades. Se aplicó un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia utilizando como variables dependientes: el indicador de impacto comercial de las patentes y la tasa de éxito de las patentes publicados por el ranking de Reuters. En cuanto a las variables independientes, se utilizaron algunos de los indicadores del ranking Times Higher Education (THE). Los resultados de los modelos econométricos encontraron que los ingresos provenientes de la industria y el nivel de la investigación de las universidades afectan de manera significativa el éxito en el otorgamiento de las patentes y su impacto comercial en las universidades estudiadas. Concluyendo que, si las universidades quieren contribuir cada vez más a la innovación en los países donde operan desde la perspectiva de las patentes, es necesario que estrechen lazos de cooperación con la industria o sector productivo con el propósito de satisfacer cada vez más necesidades de la sociedad basada en conocimiento y desarrollo tecnológico.
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